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Establishing KEK in Japan and Fermilab in the US: Internationalism, Nationalism and High Energy Accelerators

Fermilab, PO Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA, and Physics Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.

Comparison of the prehistories of the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab) in the US, and K Enerugii Butsurigaku Kenkyusho (KEK) in Japan, reveals the working of both internationalism and nationalism in high energy physics. International communication and competition helped to create a number of structural parallels from the 1930s to the 1960s; for example, in the postwar period both countries formed their first inter-university government-supported accelerator laboratories; at the turn of the 1960s nuclear physicists in both countries debated about the choice of design for their next higher energy accelerator; and both chose proton synchrotron designs traceable to a common conceptual root. Although Fermilab and KEK progressed through analogous stages in 1960-65, national circumstances caused these developments to diverge in the late 1960s, resulting in a sizeable cut in scale and costly delays in the establishment of KEK.

Social Studies of Science, Vol. 13, No. 1, 1-48 (1983)
DOI: 10.1177/030631283013001003


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